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A football is a type of ball used in the sport known as football. Makeshift balls such as inflated pigs' bladders were used in the past, but balls are currently made by groups of engineers and are designed with exact measurements. Every type of football (American, Rugby, and Association) uses a different ball, although they fit in to one of two basic shapes: a sphere or an oval shape. A sphere shape is used in Association football and Gaelic football and the exact shape and structure of the ball is included in the rules and regulations of the game. Law 2 of Association football lists the official circumference (68–70 cm), weight (410–450 g), and pressure (8–12 psi) of the football. In addition it states that the ball must be air filled and must be covered by leather or another appropriate material. The weight noted for the balls is the dry weight, since older balls frequently become much heavier throughout a game played in wet weather. The accepted ball is a Size 5, however smaller sizes exist and are used in junior games. Modern footballs are generally stitched from 32 patches of water resistant leather or plastic. The patches include 12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons. The first ball with this pattern was marketed in the 1950s by Select in Denmark. This design became popular throughout Europe in the 1960s, and was revealed worldwide by the Adidas Telstar, which was the official ball of the World Cup in 1970. |
